在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的高溫場景中，閥門作為流體控制的關(guān)鍵部件，時刻面臨著嚴(yán)苛環(huán)境的考驗(yàn)。從冶金熔爐旁到熱力發(fā)電廠內(nèi)，高溫環(huán)境對閥門的影響是多維度的，不僅關(guān)乎其正常功能的發(fā)揮，更直接影響設(shè)備的安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。了解這些影響，是保障工業(yè)系統(tǒng)可靠運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的重要前提。

　　In the high-temperature scenarios of industrial production, valves, as key components for fluid control, constantly face the test of harsh environments. The impact of high temperature environment on valves from metallurgical furnaces to thermal power plants is multidimensional, not only affecting their normal function, but also directly affecting the safe and stable operation of equipment. Understanding these impacts is an important prerequisite for ensuring the reliable operation of industrial systems.

　　高溫首先對閥門的材料性能造成沖擊。金屬材料在高溫下會發(fā)生熱膨脹，若閥門設(shè)計時未預(yù)留足夠的膨脹間隙，各部件間可能因膨脹擠壓產(chǎn)生過大應(yīng)力，導(dǎo)致密封面變形、法蘭連接松動，進(jìn)而引發(fā)泄漏。同時，長期處于高溫環(huán)境中，金屬材料的力學(xué)性能會逐漸下降，如強(qiáng)度和硬度降低，使得閥門承壓能力減弱，在內(nèi)部流體壓力作用下，容易出現(xiàn)殼體破裂等嚴(yán)重問題。此外，一些非金屬密封材料，如橡膠、塑料等，在高溫下會加速老化，失去彈性，密封性能急劇下降，無法有效阻止介質(zhì)泄漏。

　　High temperature first affects the material properties of the valve. Metal materials undergo thermal expansion at high temperatures. If sufficient expansion gaps are not reserved during valve design, excessive stress may be generated between components due to expansion compression, resulting in deformation of the sealing surface, loosening of flange connections, and ultimately leading to leakage. At the same time, long-term exposure to high temperature environments will gradually reduce the mechanical properties of metal materials, such as strength and hardness, which weakens the pressure bearing capacity of valves. Under the action of internal fluid pressure, serious problems such as shell rupture are prone to occur. In addition, some non-metallic sealing materials, such as rubber, plastic, etc., will accelerate aging at high temperatures, lose elasticity, and experience a sharp decline in sealing performance, which cannot effectively prevent medium leakage.

　　高溫還會影響閥門的操作性能。對于依靠潤滑系統(tǒng)來減少摩擦的閥門，高溫會使?jié)櫥偷恼扯冉档停鲃有栽鰪?qiáng)，導(dǎo)致潤滑油容易流失，無法在部件表面形成有效的潤滑膜。這會加劇閥門內(nèi)部部件，如閥桿與填料函、閥芯與閥座之間的摩擦，使得閥門操作變得困難，開啟和關(guān)閉時所需的扭矩增大，甚至出現(xiàn)卡澀現(xiàn)象，影響閥門的正常調(diào)節(jié)和控制功能。而且，高溫環(huán)境下，閥門的電動、氣動執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)中的電子元件和橡膠密封件也容易受損，導(dǎo)致執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)動作失靈或控制精度下降。

　　High temperatures can also affect the operational performance of valves. For valves that rely on lubrication systems to reduce friction, high temperatures can reduce the viscosity of the lubricating oil, increase its fluidity, and cause the lubricating oil to easily lose, making it difficult to form an effective lubricating film on the surface of the components. This will intensify the friction between internal components of the valve, such as the valve stem and packing box, and the valve core and seat, making valve operation difficult, increasing the torque required for opening and closing, and even causing jamming, affecting the normal adjustment and control functions of the valve. Moreover, in high-temperature environments, electronic components and rubber seals in the electric and pneumatic actuators of valves are also prone to damage, leading to actuator failure or decreased control accuracy.

　　在高溫介質(zhì)的沖刷下，閥門的耐腐蝕性面臨更大挑戰(zhàn)。高溫會加速介質(zhì)與閥門材料之間的化學(xué)反應(yīng)，使腐蝕速率顯著加快。例如，在高溫含硫介質(zhì)環(huán)境中，金屬閥門會發(fā)生高溫硫化腐蝕，表面形成疏松的硫化物層，該層容易脫落，進(jìn)而不斷腐蝕金屬基體，縮短閥門的使用壽命。同時，高溫還可能引發(fā)應(yīng)力腐蝕開裂，當(dāng)閥門材料內(nèi)部存在殘余應(yīng)力或工作應(yīng)力，且介質(zhì)中含有特定的腐蝕性物質(zhì)時，在高溫的協(xié)同作用下，材料表面會逐漸產(chǎn)生裂紋并擴(kuò)展，最終導(dǎo)致閥門失效。

　　Under the erosion of high-temperature media, the corrosion resistance of valves faces greater challenges. High temperature will accelerate the chemical reaction between the medium and the valve material, significantly increasing the corrosion rate. For example, in a high-temperature sulfur-containing medium environment, metal valves will undergo high-temperature sulfurization corrosion, forming a loose sulfide layer on the surface that is prone to detachment, continuously corroding the metal substrate and shortening the service life of the valve. At the same time, high temperature may also cause stress corrosion cracking. When there are residual stresses or working stresses inside the valve material, and the medium contains specific corrosive substances, under the synergistic effect of high temperature, cracks will gradually appear and propagate on the surface of the material, ultimately leading to valve failure.

　　高溫環(huán)境下閥門的維護(hù)和檢修難度也大幅增加。由于設(shè)備表面溫度高，工作人員難以接近閥門進(jìn)行檢查和維修，需要采取特殊的防護(hù)措施和降溫手段，這不僅增加了維護(hù)成本，還延長了維護(hù)時間。而且，高溫會使閥門內(nèi)部的污垢、雜質(zhì)更容易固化和粘結(jié)在部件表面，清洗和清理工作變得更加困難，難以徹底清除，影響對閥門內(nèi)部狀況的準(zhǔn)確判斷和維修效果。

　　The maintenance and repair difficulty of valves in high temperature environments has also significantly increased. Due to the high surface temperature of the equipment, it is difficult for personnel to access the valve for inspection and maintenance. Special protective measures and cooling methods need to be taken, which not only increases maintenance costs but also prolongs maintenance time. Moreover, high temperatures make it easier for dirt and impurities inside the valve to solidify and adhere to the surface of the components, making cleaning and cleaning work more difficult and difficult to completely remove, which affects the accurate judgment of the internal condition of the valve and the effectiveness of maintenance.

　　高溫環(huán)境給閥門帶來了材料性能下降、操作困難、耐腐蝕能力減弱以及維護(hù)檢修難度增大等諸多挑戰(zhàn)。為應(yīng)對這些問題，在閥門的設(shè)計、選材、制造和使用過程中，都需要充分考慮高溫因素，采取針對性的措施，如選用耐高溫材料、優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計、加強(qiáng)冷卻和潤滑等，以確保閥門在高溫環(huán)境下能夠可靠運(yùn)行，保障工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的順利進(jìn)行。

　　The high temperature environment brings many challenges to valves, such as decreased material performance, difficult operation, weakened corrosion resistance, and increased maintenance and repair difficulty. To address these issues, high temperature factors need to be fully considered in the design, material selection, manufacturing, and use of valves, and targeted measures should be taken, such as selecting high-temperature resistant materials, optimizing structural design, strengthening cooling and lubrication, etc., to ensure that valves can operate reliably in high-temperature environments and ensure the smooth progress of industrial production.

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